Congestive Heart Failure Case Study for Cardiology- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCongestive Heart Failure Case Study for Cardiology. Answer: Congestive heart failure can be defined as the situation when the heart cannot pup enough amount of blood in order to meet the metabolic needs of the body. Heart failures can be characterized as a chronic condition with acute exacerbations as well as with periods of abrupt worsening of the different symptoms. There are different causes of congestive heart disorders out of which coronary arterial disease is one of them (Smith et al. 2018). This disorder mainly results in the development of fatty deposits also known as plaques in the arterial walls. Blood cannot flow easily through the arteries and often results in cardiac ischemia. If this ischemia lasts for long, it may lead to the death of the heart muscles resulting in severe chest pain. High blood pressure may also result in heart muscles to work harder and this extra exertion of pressure for the muscles to work makes them stiff. They thereby become weak and cannot pump efficiently. Abnormal heart beat may also be a cause of conge stive heart failure as such heart rhythms may make the heart beat too fast casing the heart to work extra. Slow beating also leads in failure of the heart. Cardiomyopathy is the damage of the heart muscles that may take place from the excessive use of substances by patients (Chester et al., 2018). It may also lead to congestive heart failure. In other cases, virus also become responsible for the causing inflammation of the heart resulting in left sided heart failure. Some of the risk factors that remain associated with congestive heart disorders are the high blood pressure as well as coronary heart diseases. Besides, heart attack as well as diabetes may also act as risk factors for the disorders. Some diabetes medications also expose the individuals to the different forms of congestive heart failures. Viruses, tobacco and alcohol use, congenital heart disorders, sleep apnoea and many others all lead to the occurrence of the diseases. The congestive heart failure mainly has a very ne gative impact on the patient as well as the family. The patient has to lead a restricted life where he or she may not conduct all activities that he or she could do when they were well. Moreover, they also have to be very careful so that they do not go through similar symptoms that might be harmful for them and threaten their life. Such life may make them depressed and anxious and they feel frustrated about their life (Mehla et al., 2018). The caregivers or family members also undergo depression when they see their dear one suffering like this. They also go through financial turmoil due to flow of money on the healthcare and through physical turmoil, as they have to take care of the patients and keep them safe form danger. The first symptom that remains associated with congestive heart failure is the congested lungs as well as shortness of breath. This is also noted in the patient who was admitted in the emergency ward. Researchers are of the opinion that when fluid is accumulated in the lungs, it can result in the shortness of the breath. Lung congestion is also responsible for developing a dry, hacking cough as well as wheezing. The second symptoms that remain associated with the disorder is the occurrence of dizziness, weakness as well as fatigue. Such symptoms were also noted in the patient who was admitted. Improper blood flow from the heart had resulted in less blood entry to the major organs as well as in the muscles (White et al., 2018). These resulted in the feeling of tiredness and weakness. Researchers are of the opinion that as blood that flows to the brain in this condition is quite less, therefore, the patient also feels dizzy. Another symptom that was observed in the patient and is a com mon sign for all patients with congestive heart failure is the edema or swollen features in the body. Researchers are of the opinion that congestive heart failures cause less blood flow to kidneys (Morisawa et al., 2018). These result in the retention of the amount of water and fluid in the body that result in swollen ankles, abdomen causing, legs and weight gain. The patient also had swollen body parts in the case study. Another important symptom is the rapid irregular heartbeats. In order to make blood reach to all parts of the body, the heart tries to beat faster and this causes rapid as well as irregular heartbeats. Another important symptom that is also noticed in patients is the loss of appetite and feeling of nausea. This is mainly because the fluid is accumulated in the areas surrounding the digestive tract that causes different issues where the patients feel loss of appetite as well as nausea (Qian et al., 2016). ACE inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme) help in treatment of congestive heart disorders by mainly blocking the action of hormones that causes such disorders. The main function of the drug is seen to be helping the heart to pump well by opening the vessels of the blood and thereby reducing the blood pressure. Such inhibitors are seen to block the action of the protein that causes the blood vessels to get narrow (Shojiet al., 2018). With the help of this class of drug, the professionals can help the patients to relieve them of their heart failure symptoms such as build and swelling and help them to live better. Some of the medicines that can be seen are quinapril, ramipril, preindropil, altace, benazpril, lisisnpril and many others. Another class of drug which are also used in the beta blockers. There are certain epinephrines, norepinephrines as well as other similar hormones that are seen to act on the beta-receptors of the body tissues that thereby produce a harmful stimulativ e effect on the body (Ruppar et al., 2016). These hormones mainly provide pressure on the beta-receptors of the heart that result in more forceful contraction of the heart muscle. Therefore, in such situations, beta blockers are fond to be highly helpful as they cause the blockage of the actions of these stimulating hormones on the beta receptors of the tissues of the bodies. Some of the beta blockers which are used extensively is the acebutolol (Sectral), bisoprolol(Zebeta), nadolol(Corgard),timolol(Blocadren), atenolol(Tenormin), metoprolol(Lopressor,LopressorLA,ToprolXL), and many others. Once the patient is brought to the emergency department, it becomes important for the healthcare professionals to evaluate critical step for determining the severity of the cardiopulmonary instability. The nurse should undertake objective measurement of the dyspnoea severity including the monitoring of the respiratory rate, intolerance of the supine position, degree of hypoxia and effort of breathing. It would also involve checking heart rhythm and heart rate. Different laboratory tests should be done which include ecg, chest xray and many others. Bnp test should also be conducted (Vedel Khanassov, 2015). The nursing interventions should mainly include triaging to appropriate environment for providing safe clinical care to the patient. The nurse should also conduct objective monitoring that would include change in signs and symptoms to state whether the patient is responding to treatments. This would be followed by proper discharge planning or transfer of the patient to multidiscipl inary department for further treatment. Here, although oxygen therapy is important for patients but researchers say that it is best when the value of SpO2 90%. In case of the patient, it is about 92percent and hence oxygen therapy is not that important. However, noninvasive ventilation is found to be extremely important for the patients with respiratory distress. It decreases respiratory distress and helps in reduction of the rate of mechanical endotracheal intubation. Intravenous diuretics as well as vasodilators need to be administered. 20 to 40 mg intravenous furosemide can be provided to patient in such conditions. Intravenous vasodilator therapy can be also provided to the patients who blood pressure is normal to high. Sublingual nitrates can also be considered (Unverzagt et al., 2016). Evidence based, diseases modifying oral therapies can be provided to the patients in such conditions like the beta blockers, ACE, MRA, diuretics, nitrates and others. This should be then followe d by proper reassessment of the patient by the nurses. The patient should be checked in every proper ways by which the stability of the patient should be ensured. The nurses should continue to monitor the heart condition of the patient from time to time in order to entertain that the patient condition is gradually becoming stable (Shah et al., 2018). The total monitoring would be contributed for about 24 hours until the damage of the heart is stopped and the patient is out of danger. Following the condition of the patient for about 24 hours, the emergency nurse would conduct meeting with the other specialists and then transfer the patient to the general ward where she should be then treated by the multidisciplinary team. The nurses should properly document all the information so that the ongoing care of the patient is not disrupted and care provided is of high quality (Jonkman et al., 2016). References: Chester, R., Horwich, T., Srikanthan, P., Gornbein, J., Hundley, G., Watson, K. (2018). 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